Scientific Calculator

Calculator

Navigate to: previous, Jump to (Calcium)Next (Caleb)A fundamental calculator

It is a calculator it is the device used to perform calculations. Modern calculators typically incorporate general-purpose computing technology, but they're often made for specific purposes. For instance graphing calculators are focused on graph-centered mathematics, such as trigonometry and statistical. Furthermore modern calculators are far more mobile than most computers although some personal digital assistants (PDAs) are similar in size and dimension as hand-held calculators.

As calculators have the capacity of being tiny but in the future devices that are smaller than credit cards will be able to perform exactly the same calculations that are performed in larger scientific calculators. Another option for development is like a handheld computer that has notations entered by pressing buttons, but instead are displayed on a screen. This means that the need for buttons would be eliminated and the total size of the device can be reduced further.

Overview

There was a time that mechanical Clerical aids such as abaci Napier's bones and comptometers, mathematical books, slides tables, or mechanical add machines were employed for numeric work. The word "calculator" denoted a person who earned a living using such aids , as well as writing instruments and pen. The semi-manual process of calculation was slow and vulnerable to error.

Modern calculators operate on electric power. They are available in a wide range of styles and sizes. From cheap or give-away sized models up to sturdy models that include machine-like printers.

Electronic calculators

The past was when calculators used to be larger than the computers we have today. They are the first physical desktop calculators. Later, they were replaced by electromechanical desktop calculators and then, electronic devices made use of the first thermionics-based valves, the transistors followed by hard-wired circuit logic. Today, the majority calculators are handheld electronic devices.

Basic configuration

The complexity of calculators depend on their purpose for which they were designed. A basic calculator may comprise the following elements:

• A source of energy that is a battery or a solar panel or
• A displaycomposed from LEDs and Liquid Crystal (LCD) capable to display a range of numbers (typically between 8 and 10.)
• Electronic circuitry
• A keypad with:
  • The ten digits, between 0 and 9
  • The decimal point
  • The equals sign, which is used to summon the answer
  • The four Arithmetic functions (namely subtraction multiplication, subtraction subtraction, and division)
  • A cancel button, which will stop the current calculation
  • To turn off or on, click the buttons.
  • Other fundamental functions like the square root as well as the percentage (%).
• Some models with more sophisticated features might have a one-number storage that can be stored in the event of a need. This could also include a Cancel Entry button, which can eliminate all numbers currently being entered.

Since the beginning of the decade, basic calculators have been placed in other devices that are small, like cell phones, or wristwatches.

Electronic calculators equipped with the latest technology

Modern scientific calculators provide trigonometric, statistics and many other mathematical options. Modern calculators are able to display graphics and incorporate features of computers algebra systems. They can also be programmed. calculator applications include mathematical equation solvers, financial models in addition to games. Most calculators can print numbers that can be as large as 10 decimal points or even digits completely visible on the screen. Scientific notation is utilized to mark numbers up in the range of 9.999999999*10 ⁹⁹. If a higher number or mathematical formula yields more than it is entered (a typical example is typing "100! ", read as "100 factorial") then the calculator will show "error."

"Error" is also displayed when a function or operation is mathematically undefined for instance, division using zero, or even the root of numbers that are negative (most scientific calculators aren't able to handle complex numbers, but some of the most expensive models include specific functions dealing with them). Some, but certainly not all, calculators do recognize these two types of "error," though when they do, it's difficult for users to grasp since they're typically referred by the names "error 1" or "error 2."

Some companies create and sell modern, professional finance and engineering calculators which are well-known. These include Casio, Sharp, Hewlett-Packard (HP), as well as Texas Instruments (TI). These calculators are a perfect examples for embedded applications.